uRefr&JUyHkjyifub,fawmhrSajymjyvdkUr&bl;
uRefra&;jyD;&if;a&;w,f
uRefrwdkUcdkvSHKp&mae&m&vm&ifaygh
uRefr rajymEkdifwmawGudkuRefr csa&;w,f
trSefw&m;
uRefrodorQcsa&;w,f
jyD;&ifuRefr pmrsufESmawGudkaveJUtwl arsmvGifhvdkufw,f
iSufuav;awGuawmhzwfEkdifwefaumif;yg&JU
'grif;[mawGvm;
tbkd;wcgwav'Dem;rSmawGUwwfw,f
wa,mufa,mufjywif;aygufuusvmwmyJvdkU
olru uav;av;udkydkrdkacsmarGUapzdkU
olarG;zGm;vmwmeJUwjydKifeuf
'gayr,fholrwckckudkMunfh&r,f
olr rdk;MudK;oHuJhokdUaomESvHk;ckefoHudk Mum;vdkufw,f
olr uav;i,f&JUaoG;awGaypGef;aeaom acgif;teHUudk&&dScJhygw,f
olrudktcspfrsm;eJUvTrf;jcHKoGm;w,f
rif;ajymovdkygyJ
'gayr,fhtJ'DrSmyHkjyifwyk'f&dSw,f
cHpm;&w,f
igwdkUvrf;enf;enf;avQmufMurvm;
uRefr yHkjyifu uvJ&meJUpwifygw,f
waeU olreJUyJtqHk;owf&r,f
uvJ&m
vQdKU0SufcsufawGeJUjynfhESufaew,f
uRefr&JUu,fwif&Sif
uRefr&JUtm;udk;&m
uRefr&JYyifwdkiftMuHay;
a[;
aemufrSjyefac:r,f
raumif;wJhtaumif
&Sifjrifvdkufvm; oluRefrudkwdkufckdufw,f
-olrbmvkyfvdkufwmvJ -olUESmacgif;udkudkufvdkufw,f
-olcH&wmwefw,f -vkyfyg
-tmeD 'DuxGufoGm;
vufbuf&nfaomufrvm;
jyD;&if aus;Zl;jyKjyD;0ifvm
uRefr'DrSmtvkyfvkyfaewm14n&dSjyD uRefr&oifh&xkdufwmvdkcsifw,f
rif;upmtkyfxJrSmrygbl; bmvdkcsifwmvJ
wqdwfavmuf
'Daumifrav;udkjrifzl;vm;
pdwfraumif;ygbl;
[ifhtif;
-tdk; rif;bmvkyfaewmvJ[ifhtif; -awmif;yefygw,f'gayr,fholwdkUuRefrudk ay;p&m&dSw,f
-aiGxkwfpufxJuydkufqHawGudkckd;wm&yfawmh -olwdkUuRefrudkay;p&m&dSw,f
[,fvdkuvJ&m
raumif;wJhrdef;rawG'DrSmtrsm;MuD; 'gayr,fholruawmhtaumif;qHk;qk&oGm;av&JU
&Sufp&m olruwu,fawmhqGJaqmifrSK&dSw,f
ajy;
uvJ&m
'Db0xJrSmusifvnfae&wmusifhom;&aejyD
tcsdefawGvnf;jzKef;wD;&ma&mufw,f
rif;raumif;wJh[mawGeJUwdkif;jynfudka&mif;oifhw,f
vkyfyg rif;igb,folUudk&Smaew,fqkdwm odygw,f
olrb,frSmvJ olrb,frSmvJ
ol wcgjzpfzl;w,f
tJ'Daumifrav;
tcspfawGeJUjynfhvQHoGm;cJhw,f
tcspfuwb0vHk;udkjynfhESufapcJhw,f
&SifhZeD;vm;
olruuRefawmfhtudk*RefeJUvufxyfoGm;cJhw,f
trsm;tm;jzifhawmhaysmf&TifwJhrdom;pkyg
olrutbkd;olrtay:b,fvdkcHpm;cJh&&SmvJ qkdwmb,fwkef;urSrodcJhbl;
olaumygyJ
b0rSmvQdKU0SufcsufawGajymjyzdkUtcsdefqdkwm wcsdefavmufawmh&dSygw,f
vQdKU0SufcsufawG&dSw,frvm;
tbkd;i,fi,fwkef;uvnf; ajymjycH&wJhyHkjyifwyk'f&dSw,f
eifrDbtaMumif;
raumif;qdk;0g;awGtaMumif;
raor&SifawGaygh
bkef;MuD;uajymjywm
igwdkUudkajcmufvSefUzdkU
uRefremrnfutJvDem 0yf
tJvDem 0yf
tbdk;tqifoifhjzpfjyD
-aocsmvm; -tif;
uRefr'DrSmvHkavmufwJhtcsdefwcsdKUaecJhw,f
,HkMunfyg
jidrf;csrf;jcif;awGudkcHpm;&w,f
trdefUujyefvnf,lzdkU
olruawmhrygbl;
uRefrbmt"dyÜg,frSef;rodbl;q&m
rif;b,foGm;rvdkUvJ
uRefr'Pf&moGm;aq;rvdkUyg q&m
xdxm;vdkU
rif;wcsdefvHk;&dSaejyD;awmh rif;bmrSrodbl;vm;
wu,fyJ rif;utajccH
rsufvHk;awGrSdwfxm;
-uvJ&m -xGufoGm;
-'DudkbmvdkUolpdrf;ac:vmwmvJ -oluigxifxm;wmxufawmifydkoefao;w,f
-'guRefrwdkUtdrf -tJvDemigwdkU'DuxGufoGm;&awmhr,f
-uRefrxyfrajymif;awmhbl;aemf -iguawmhajymif;&r,f
-waeUrif;em;vnfvmvdrfhr,f -b,favmufMumrSvJ
rif;bmrSrodygbl; igeifhtwGufvkyfaewm
-uRefrtwGufvkyfwmwJhvm; -txkyftydk;jyif
-uRefr'Dae&mudkMudKufw,f -txkyftydk;jyifvdkUajymaew,f
-olub,folvJ -b,folrSr[kwfbl;
-aus;Zl;wifygw,f -[kwfjyD aemufrSawGUr,f rdef;uav;wdkU
igwdkUzefaygif;tdrfxJMunfhoifhw,f
uRefrwkdU'Dudkt&ifua&mufzl;w,f
tdk; r&l;rdkufprf;ygeJU vmyg
'gayr,fhrrSwfrdbl;vm;
'DrSmigwdkUtwGuftqifajyEkdifw,f tJ'DvdkcHpm;vdkU&w,f
-ckeuae&mwkef;uvnf;'DvdkyJajymwmyJ -ckeuigwdkU&kef;xGufcJh&wJhEGHxJuvm;
arhawmifarhoGm;jyD
bmjzpfvdkUvJ
twdwfudkbmrSrjzpfcJhwJhtwdkif; ypfxm;vdkUr&bl;
tckoufqdkifvmjyD tdkau
rif;bmvdkUwjcm;ae&moGm;rMunfhwmvJ
igwdkUtwGufydkufqHenf;enf;&SmvdkufOD;r,f
oGm;av
uvJ&mub,fawmhrSwa,mufwnf;r[kwfygbl;
olr aeUwdkif;ydkufqH&Smw,f tazmfawGvnf; aeUwdkif;&dSw,f
olrqDtvdkvdka&mufvmw,f
-olr b,folvJ rif;olrudkodvm; -[ifhtif;
-jrifzl;vm; -[ifhtif;
uRefruawmhwa,mufwnf;
uRefrvrf;avQmufw,f twdwfuvnf;uRefreJUtwlvkdufavQmufaew,f
'if;wnf&dSw,f
[dkif;
omrefyJqdk&if50 tjynfhtpHkqdk&if100
olwkdUrif;udkiSm;vdkufwmvm;
rif;vkyfMunfhoifhw,f
udpör&dSygbl;
'gaumif;ygw,f
rif;pum;ajymEkdifvm;
uRefr w&m;0ifr[kwfbl;
rif;b,fvdk'Dwyk'fvHk;udkrSwfrdwmvJ
uRefrt&m&mwdkif;rSwfrdw,f 'DvdkkyJ
'gqdk
rif;bmrqdkodw,faygh
olwdkUeJUaeMunfh
'Dem;rSmawmifMum;csdKifh0Srf;awG&dSw,f
uRefroGm;&awmhr,f
q,fem&DrSmjyD;r,f
0ifcJh
50 cspfp&myJ
'gqdk tvkyfydwf&ufvm;
-r[kwfbl; -tdk; 'Dem;rSmaewmvm;
rif;awmfawmfvkyfxm;wmyJ
olr
b,folvJ
tar
olr qHk;oGm;jyD
tdk; pdwfraumif;ygbl;
olr tokb
uRefawmfrwwfEdkifcJhbl; uRefawmfxGufajy;vmcJhw,f uRefawmf awmifhrcHEkdifawmhbl;
tJ'Duwnf;utjyifrxGufawmhwm
'gayr,fh&Sifh&JUaMuuGJrSK 'gu olrudk&Sifb,favmufcspfw,fqdkwmjyo wmyJav
tcspfut&rf;aumif;wJht&myg
uRefravmif;&Jw,folr&SifhtwGuf*kPf,lvdrfhr,f qdkwm
&Sifhvdkcspfp&mom;rsdK;wa,muf&dSwJhtwGufaygh
[ifhtif; uRefawmfolUudkb,fwkef;urS*kPf,l &atmifrvkyfcJhzl;bl;
uRefawmfu
uRefawmfzkef;awmifrudkifbl; rif;odvm;
uRefawmftvkyfawGeJU&Skyfaew,f uRefawmfolrtaMuG;awGawmifray;Edkifbl;
uRefawmfolrpmtkyfta[mif;wckxJrSm 50awGUw,f uRefawmftJ'gudkb,fvdkrsm; oHk;&uf&rSmvJ
atmf
-tqifajy&JUvm; -&w,f
-[kwfvm; -pdwfraumif;ygbl;
urfrDvmyg
Ekd&,f
'gqdk&Sifhtarubmvkyfief;vkyfwmvJ Ekd&,f
{nfha*[myg
ae&mMuD;vm;
[kwfw,fawmfawmfus,fw,f
aumif;jyD
&Sifhae&mudkjyefoGm;Murvm;
-[kwfvm; -[kwfw,f
-aumif;ygap -[kwfjyD
-rif;vmvdkU&wmyJ -[kwfjyD
-apmifhaewJhtwGuf0rf;omygw,f -rapmifhygbl;
b,fvdkrsm;'DvdkwD;wwfzdkUoifxm;wmvJ
uRefr avhusifhxm;wm
b,favmufMumatmifvJ
ESpf200
tJ'Db,fvkdrsm;cHpm;&vJ
vufbuf&nfwcGufudkwywfywfvdkuf&ovdkyJ
rif;twGufydkufqH
trsm;MuD;r[kwfygbl;
aus;Zl;wifygw,f
'Dpm&Guftydkif;tpu
zkef;eHywf
uRefrrSmzkef;r&dSbl;
'gqdk
rif;udkawGU&wm0rf;omygw,f
*Gwfbdkif
t,fvm
igbm&SmawGUcJhw,fqkdwmMunfh
igwdkUoufom&mawmhawGUjyD
0dk;
Edk&,fbmvJqdkwmodvm; t,fvm
oluawmufyaewJhol&Jaumif;yJ
igwdkUudki&JwGif;uaeu,frSm
olruuRefr&JUnDri,fav;av
-[dkif; -[,fvdk
'DrSma&mh
rif;udkae&mtESHUvdkuf&Smaewm
-aomh&SmrawGUbl; -aMomf
zGifhrvkdU
0ifrvm;
Munfh rif;udkig,Hkw,faemf urfrvm
-rvkyfeJU -rvkyfygbl;
Munfh uRefawmfoyf&yfw,fvdkUawmh rajymcJhbl;aemf
'gt&ifu[kdw,fjzpfcJhzl;w,f
jyD;awmhabmf'gausmif;
uRefawmfhtarutay:qHk;rSmESpfvTm&dSw,f
rdom;pkawGaezdkU
jyD;awmhydkqdk;vmw,f ESKwfqufyGJawG
tckodyfawmhr&awmhbl; 'gayr,fholr vufravsmhbl;
&Skcif;udkMudKufw,f
'DuaeqdkawmfawmfjrifuGif;aumif;w,f
0dk;
'gu xrif;pm;cef;av
aumif;om;yJ
[kwfw,f cspfp&mav;
uRefawmfajymoavmufawmhtus,fMuD;r[kwfygbl;
ukrÜPDzGifhzdkUvnf;rarQmfrSef;xm;ygbl;
olrtcef;b,frSmvJqkdwmuRefrnDrav;udk ajymjyay;yg
[kwfjyD
t,fvm
rif;tcef;udkvdkufjyr,f
tdrfwywfywfMunfhvdkufOD;r,f
udk,fhbmomudk,fawmifrMunfhcsifbl;
urfrvm ajymw,f
rif;vnf;rif;tarr&dSawmhbl;qdk
olrurif;&JUw&m;0iftkyfxdef;olrvm;
'gawmfawmf&J&ifhwmyJ
olr bmvkyf&w,fqdkwmuRefawmfem;vnf ygw,f
rif;aumrvm;
aumif;jyD olr ydkufqHvkdw,f
'gayr,fhuRefawmfajymrSmu
uRefawmf*&krpkdufbl;
-rif;aeEkdifygw,f -aus;Zl;wifygw,f
aozdkUjyifqifxm;wJholawGom xm0&b0udk&r,f
vkyfav vkyf
'gtqHk;owfyJ
-bmudkvJ -tcsdef
olb,folvJ
'gtwdwfrSmt,fvm oGm;&atmif
-olb,folvJ -oluraumif;qkd;0g;
igolUudkowfvkduf&wJhtwGuf qkawmif&oifhw,f
igwdkU'DaeUajymif;Murvm;
rif;yifyef;aejyDrvm; tcspf
aumif;jyD igwdkU'DrSm&uftenf;i,favmufae rvm;vkdU [kwfw,frvm;
[kwfjyDigwdkUaeEkdifygw,f
tem;oGm;,l ykdufqH&Sm&r,f
iguawmht&if&ufawGwkef;uvdkyJ t&iftvkyfeJUyJpD;yGm;&Sm&rSmaygh
-vkyfp&mrvdkygbl; -tdk; vkyfyg t,fvm
'Dae&mujynfhpHkygw,f igwdkUtqifajyrSmyg
-bmvdkUwjcm;enf;vrf;roHk;wmvJ -[kwfygjyD ewforD;av;
rif;ryg0ifrywfowfatmifvkyfae&wm
pdwfraumif;ygbl; Ekd&,f
rif;udktdrfrufrufawmhpdwfyloGm;rdw,f
igEdk;vm&ifrif;xGufoGm;r,fxifaewm
bmvdkUxGufoGm;&rSmvJ vdkcsifwmtm;vHk;'DrSm&wmyJ
tJvDem 0yf
MunfhygOD;
rif;tarudkodw,f
rif;taraooGm;jyD
'golwdkUrif;udkajymwmvm;
olwdkUrif;udktvdrftnmawGeJUxm;xm;wm
rif;tar
rif;tarighqDuwckckcdk;oGm;w,f
tckigolrqDuwckckjyefckd;&r,f
igha&m*guuk&mew¦daq;r&dSawmhbl;
igjyD;oGm;&if
rif;uav;[kwfawmhrSmr[kwfbl;
MunfhygOD;
tJvDem
rif;tqifajy&JUvm;
urfrDvmurif;t&iftdrfrSmb,fvdk qdkwmajymjyw,f
olrajymw,f
olr rif;tJ'DrSmjzpfysufcJh&wJhtjzpfqkd;awGudk ajymjyw,f
uRefawmfcifAsm;udkodapcsifwmucifAsm;'DrSm aer,fqdk&ift&ifujzpfcJhwmrsdK;xyfrjzpfap&ygbl; qdkwmyg
uwday;ygw,f tdkau
olremrnfu urfrvmr[kwfbl;
-jyD;awmholru uRefrtrvnf;r[kwfbl; -uRefremrnfu uvJ&m
uvJ&m olr uvJ&mtaeeJUarG;zGm;cJhwm
'gayr,fh uvJ&mqdkwmudkydkMudKufw,f
uvJ&m
-rvkyfeJU -rif;ightaMumif;tjrJvdrfw,f
rif;olUudkajymjy&ifolUudkigowfypfr,f
b,fwkef;utrSefudkajymjyzdkUowÅd&dSvdkUvJ
'gigwdkU&Sifoef&wJhuk'fwrsdK;yJtJvDem xdef;odrf;&r,f
'gqdkwywftwGif; rif;tarb,favmufvkyfEkdifvJ
waxmifvm;
wntwGif;vkyfEkdifw,f
-&SifhtaMuG;tm;vHk;udk&Sif;Ekdifw,f Ekd&,f -[kwfw,f'gayr,fh
rif;udktJ'gqufrvkyfapcsifawmhbl;
aumif;jyD uRefrrvkyf&vnf;udpör&dSbl; wjcm;aumifrav;awGac:vdkU&w,f
'gayr,fh 'guuRefawmfhtartdrfav
oluw&m;w,f
wa,mufrSr,SOfEdkifbl;
'gayr,fholUaoG;awGvnfywfaevdkU
ESif;qDa&mifaeU&ufvmr,f
jrefjrefvmygapqkawmif;aew,f
tcspftaMumif;tdrfrufruf&atmif
jyD;jyD
wcsdefwkef;u
'DrSmbmrSr&dSbl;
bm[kdw,f bmqdkdbmrSr&dSao;bl;
urf;ajcwckyJ
ydkufuGefawGudkajcmufatmifvSef;&w,f
yifv,fatmfrSmwdkufyGJawGjzpfaew,f
uav;awGtm;vHk;uolwdkUaygifrkefUtwGuf tvkyfvkyf&w,f
uRefrtarvnf;olwdkUuav;awGxJuwa,mufyJ
ajcAvmeJU oJxJrSm
rif;Mum;vm;
uRefr tareJUvlUb0eJU&dSpOfwkef;u
jyD;awmhESpf&mpk
'gayr,fhwcgwkef;uawmhoifhvdkyJtrsdK;orD;yg
olr rdom;pktaMumif;b,fawmhrSrajymbl;
olr arh&r,fhae&mwckxJygaevdkU jzpfygvdrfhr,f
olr&JUtaMumif;uawmhppfyGJac:cH&zkdUapmifhaewJh t&m&dSESpfa,mufeJUtpjyKygw,f
olwdkUurvSbl;vm;
wckavmufprf;MunfhvdkU&rvm;
oluawmht&m&dS 'gb,fyg
'DrSm
ykvJwvHk;twGufykvJ
wjcm;wa,mufuawmholU&JUtxuft&m&dS uyÜwdef&kUAef
jrif;vdkufpD;vdkUac:vdkU&rvm;
olru uav;yJ&dSao;w,f &kUAef
olr b,fvdkpD;&w,fqdkwmodrSmuRefawmfajym&Jw,f
oleJUrvdkufoGm;eJU
ykvJuawmhxm0&oefUpifaeygw,f
urmaumif&JUtom;uolUab;em;xm0& 0ef;&HaeorQ
rif;twGufvufaqmif&dSw,f
uyÜwdef &kUAef
'DrSmrif;twGufurf;ajcuawGUwJhvufaqmif
MudKqdkygw,f
bmrSaMumufp&mrvdkbl;aemf
vm
rif;udkuyÜwdeftMudKufqHk;tcef;udkvdkufjyr,f
rif;'DrSmrdwfaqGawGomawGUvdrfhr,f
&SifuRefrudkbmrSay;wmr[kwfbl;q&m &Sif,loGm;wm
rif;udkusKyftvkyftudkifay;om;yJ
rif;&JUvlMuD;b0uMudKqdkygw,f
yHkjyifawGb,favmufawmif'DvdkrsdK;tpjyKcJhwmvJ
raumif;wJhrdef;r
axmifaygif;axmifaygif;rsm;pGm
jyef&r,f
rif;bmoif,lcJhvJqkdwmMunfhzdkU
tckvm rif;bmvdkUidkaewmvJ
ighrSmvlMuD;vlaumif;wa,muf&dSw,f rif;ukdrMumcifjyHK;vmapr,fhvlwa,mufaygh
'Dae&mrSmuav;&dSvdkUrjzpfbl;
rif;pnf;rsOf;udkodygw,f
wcsdefwkef;uuRefrudkarG;zGm;cJhw,f
tJ'gutckxdtcsufwcktaeeJUygyJ
&SiftowfcH&r,fhaeUtxdaygh
vlU0dnmOfawGuwjcm;vlawGxufpm&if tarowfwmydkcH&w,f
taruuRefrudkowfzdkUMudK;pm;ygao;w,f
'gayr,fhcspfjcif;arwÅmuolrudkwm;qD;cJhw,f
olrrSwfpkuajymw,f 'guuRefrorD;tJvDem0yfwJh
uRefrolrudkoefUpifwJhb0ydkifqdkifapcsifw,fwJh
olrudkay;r,f
olraewJhae&mudkvwkdif;vmr,f
uRefrb0vdkyJcsrf;om&m&apcsifygw,f
tpuwnf;ujzpfovdkrsdK;
aus;Zl;jyKjyD;olrudk uRefraojyDvdkUajymvkdufyg
'gqdk uRefroefU&Sif;wJhb0wckydkifqdkifcJhw,f
uRefr rdbrJhoDcsif;qdkcJhw,f
uRefrtJ'DrSmoif,lp&m&dSwmawGoif,lcJh&w,f
ajrmufbufydkif; udk,fydkifrdbrJhausmif;u uRefraecJhwJhae&m
uRefrtJ'Dae&mudktdrfvdkUac:csifao;w,f
pdwfraumif;ygb;
tdk;
-tdrfjyef&r,f -ulnDyg&ap
&SifhpufbD;,lcJhr,f pdwfryleJU
&SifcsKyfzdkUvdktyfw,f
bmvJ
rif;aumvdyfwufzl;vm;
-rodbl; -pufbD;xm;cJh
tdk; aoG;awGudkrkef;vdkufwm
bJvfwD;ay;ygvm; aus;Zl;jyKjyD;
vm
tdk;rdkifa*gh bmjzpfwmvJ
-olvJusoGm;w,f -tdk;rdkifa*gh tdk; ruf ruf
olaoG;xGufaew,f
tdkau &w,f
aomhawG,l
rif;uolUaumifrav;vm;
aomhawGb,frSmvJ
olrif;udkajymjyvm;
tdk;
-aomhawG,l -[kwfuJh
odrf;xm; z&efU
oGm; oGm; oGm;
rif;ydkaumif;atmifvkyfEkdifygw,f
erf;csifvm;
bmaMumifhvJ
yGJvrf;obifrSmav
vkyfyg
-r&nf&G,fbl;qkdwmodygw,f
aocsifw,f
r[kwfbl; 'DaeUr[kwfbl;
reufjzefxdaocsifao;w,fqdk&if tqHk;owfay;r,f
[,fvkd
tdk; [kdif;
vmvnfwmvm;
olUudktdrfac:vmay;wJhtwGufaus;Zl;wifygw,f
olubmrSrajymbl;
'gaumifav;awGyJ[kwfw,frvm;
b,favmufMumjyDvJ
-uRefrwdkU'Dtwdkif;awGUwm -tdk;
aumif;jyD 0rf;omygw,f
-rif;emrnfbmvJ -tJvDem
*wfbD
oluaq;awGaomufae&w,f
'gaMumifholaoG;awGwtm;xGufwm rif;tHhMooGm;r,fqdkwmajym&Jw,f
olvluD&D;,m;jzpfaewmawmfawmfMumjyD
'gjyD;oGm;r,fvdkUarQmfvihfygw,f
olawmfawmfcHpm;cJh&jyD;jyD
aus;Zl;jyKjyD;uRefrvmw,fqdkwmolUudkrajymygeJU
ewforD;av;
jidrf;csrf;ygap
tvif;a&mifawGjzmusygap
rif;ightwGufvmwm
uRefrvkyfwmtwGufcGifhvTwfay;yg
-tdk; [kdif; -[kdif;
-rif;pum;ajymwwfvm;
t*Fvdyfvdkajymwwfvm;
rif;ausmif;wufwkef;vm;
olr'Dvdkajymoifhwm
igwkdUutcsif;csif;vnf;&w,f udpör&dSbl;
oluighnDrav; olr raomufwwfbl; olrygrSmr[kwfbl;
olrudkxm;vdkuf em;vnfvm;
tck vlMuD;rif;awGrif;wdkUudkapmifhaew,f
tckrif;wdkUtvkyfvkyfawmh tdkau
'DvdkrSr[kwf&ifawmhvrf;ay:jyefa&mufoGm;r,f
-rif;udkxkwfypfr,f -ajcmufaewmvm;
-igwkdUydkufqHvkdw,f -ajz&Sif;csufrawmif;ygbl;
aumif;jyD rif;rsufESmokwfOD;
'grsdK;tMudrfwaxmifavmufjrifzl;aeawmh b,fvdkvkyf&rvJ
aumif;jyDigwdkUbmvkyfMurvJ
igrif;qDuaus;Zl;wifrSK av;pm;rSK&r,f r[kwfrSef;odw,f
rif;'DxufydkvkyfEkdifygw,f
ydkufqHpm;yGJay:wifxm;w,f tarawGvkyfovdkaygh
tarawGuuav;awGb,fvdkaexkdifovJqkdwm tjrJwrf;*&kpdkufw,f
'gb,fvdkb0rsdK;vJ
vlom;awGuyHkjyifawGajymzdkUvdkw,f
'gutajccHt&myJ
yHkjyifawGuaewqifhigwkdUudk,figwdkU em;vnfvmw,f
igwdkUurÇmudkem;vnfvmw,f
'gaMumifhrif;wdkUrsufvHk;awGydwfvdkuf
'gigwdkUwDxGifrSKtwGufigwdkUudk,fydkif prSwftawGUtMuHKyJ
rif;&JUi,fb0taMumif;jyefawG;
jyD;vkdUrif;emrnfukdac:vdkuf&if
ajymjyyg
tao;pdwf cHpm;rSK qifjcifcsufeJU
yxrqHk;rif;wdkUpdwfxJudk0ifvmwJht&m tkdau
tJvDem
tar
olrb,fvdkvJ
olr nbufqkdvmwwfw,f
aMumufw,f
bmaMumifhvJ
olwdkUuuRefrudkajymxm;w,f olr aojyDqkdjyD;awmh
jyD;awmhaum
jywif;aygufursufESmuo&Jwaumifxuf ydktaumiftxnfay:w,f
-tdkau aus;Zl;wifygw,f -jyD;awmh
-z&efU -r&SifEkdifawmhbl;qdkwmodw,f
[kwfw,f
uRefawmfholi,fcsif; a';Apf tufuifqef
uRefawmfwa,mufwnf;uomvQif olUudkjrifEkdifw,f
uRefawmfutrsm;tm;jzifhwa,mufwnf; &dSaewJhtcgrsdK;
a';Apftufuifqefuay:vmavh&dSw,f
uRefawmfhtcef;xJrSm
jyD;awmh uRefawmfwdkUupm;Muw,f
jyD;awmhuRefawmfwdkUuGma0;oGm;w,f
oluRefawmfhqDvmwkef;
uRefawmfckepfESpf&SpfESpfavmuftxd
-[kwfjyD -aus;Zl;wifygw,f
-tdkau -wu,f&,fp&maumif;wmu
ESpfawGMumawmhuRefawmfodvmwmu uRefawmfwdkUtdrfrSmt&ifaeoGm;wJhrdom;pku
tufuifqifvdkUac:w,f
olwdkUuav;wa,mufqHk;&SHk;oGm;w,f
uav;emrnfu a';ApfwJh
aumif;vdkufwJhyHkjyif
'gqkdvlwkdif;xMu
tck rif;wdkUb,folvJqkdwmudkpOf;pm;apcsifw,f
aemufwMudrfus&iftufaq;a&;vmcJhapcsifw,f
acgif;pOf
uRefawmfu
pnf;rsOf;wckyJ&dSw,f
trSefudka&;xm;wm
rif;'Dae&meJUroufqdkifbl;
'gutarhZmwd
zsm;wkdif;'Dae&mudkvmw,f
rif;'DrSmusef;rma&;utvum;ukvdkU&w,f
wckck
ajrmif;vdk igwdkUt&if;tjrpf
taz
olt&rf;MudKufw,fvdkUawmhrxifbl;
rif;bmvkyfrvJ
araruajymw,f igaq;&HkrSm&dSaewkef; rif;vmMunfhw,fqkd
olru
rif;udkighaumifrav;xifaew,f
qdk;vm;
-bmvdkUvJqkdawmh -'gu
Munfh
-igzsm;aew,fqkdwmodygw,f'gayr,fh -r[kwfbl;
ightwGuf
rif;b0udkvQdKU0SufcsufwckeJUae&if
tJ'DvQdKU0Sufcsufqdkwmurif;tjrJwrf;vdrfnmae&r,f 'grSr[kwf txD;usefaer,f
rif;tjrJwrf;tJ'Dvdkaevmwm tckrif;ajymif;vJoifhjyD
rif;bmvkyfrvJ
vQdKU0Sufcsufudkajymjyr,f
ajymjy
taruuRefrtwGufoHk;ckvkyfcJhw,f
wpf oluRefrukdarG;zGm;awmhuRefrtoufudk csrf;om&may;chhJw,f
ESpf olr uRefrudkMunfh&SKcJhw,f
oHk;
oluRefrb,fawmhrSrajymEdkifwJhyHkjyifudk ay;xm;cJhw,f
uRefrtoufajcmufESpfavmufrSmolr aovkeD;yg;jzpfaejyD
uvJ&mvdkrdef;uav;rsdK;uodyfrcHbl;av
olrtqkwfawGrcHawmhbl;
'gayr,fhwwfEkdifoavmufMudK;pm;w,f
rif;b,fa&mufaevJ uyÜwdefrif;udkapmifhaew,f
uyÜwdef&kUAefuppfyGJuaejyefvmjyD
olrudktjypfay;vdkufaemf q&m
olMuHKzl;cJhorQxJrSm
uvJ&muolUtMudKufqHk;yJ
rif;'Dwa,mufudkMudKufw,f olr wdkufckdufwwfw,f
jyD;awmhaqmif;wnaerSm
olpdrf;wa,mufa&mufvmcJhw,f
rif;aeraumif;bl;vm;
r[kwfygbl; q&m
rif;udkusKyfrSwfrdw,f
uRefrawmfawmfajymif;vJoGm;ygjyD q&m
usKyfvm;
ajymif;vJoGm;ovm;
ajymif;vJoGm;w,f
&Sifxifxm;wmxufudk
vdkufumawGzGifhvdkuf
raumif;wJhrdef;r tarSmifxJrSmusKyfudkxm;
tvif;a&mifydwfxm;
-'gb,f -rdwfaqG
rif;eJUwlwl
rif;qHk;oGm;wmudkjrifw,f
rif;&JU0efaqmifrSKtwGufaus;Zl;wifygw,f
bmvdkcsifvJ
rif;qDu,lzdkUvmwmr[kwfbl; ay;zdkUvmwm
nrSjyefvmr,f
rif;vdkyJusKyfvnf;tarSmifMudKufw,f
-[ifhtif; -rif;acG;r
oluolrar;cGef;awGudkjyefajzcJhw,f
t&ifvdkygyJ
olr rkefwdkif;udkjzwfoef;zdkUapmifhaecJhw,f
'gtdrfvmvnf&r,fhtcsdefvm;
-'DtcsdefyJ
uyÜwdefuolem;vnfwmxufausmfvGefwJh yHkjyifawGudkajymjyw,f
tdkif,mvefrSmykefuefrSKwckjzpfyGm;w,f igwdkUtJ'DudkacsrSKef;zdkUydkUcH&w,f
igwdkUESpfa,mufpvHk;awmfawmfxdoGm;w,f
usKyf'Pf&muydkeufw,f'gayr,fh 'gb,fu tzsm;wufw,f
olUudktdrfjyefzdkUqGJaqmifcJhw,f
ol&SifhtwGufaumif;wmaygh
oluswmeJUc&D;ujrefr,fqkdwmodw,f
'gb,fucsrf;omw,f
olUrSmtarGqufcHp&mr&dSbl;
-olUudkaoygapvdkUqkawmif;rdvmw,f
'gayr,fholtkwf*lqDra&mufrDS olUb0xJukdvlESpfa,muf0ifvmw,f
paumvmawG 'DvdkyJxif&w,f
aoqHk;jyD;bmompum;awGeJU MumvSjyDjzpfwJhvuf&mawGeJU
a&S;a[mif;A[kokwawGu yifv,fatmfrSmolUaojcif;w&m;udk,lr,fxifw,f
rif;ae&mrSm;jyD
'DrSm
aus;Zl;wifygw,f
olajymw,f igwdkU&kdaoudkif;&dSkif;p&m wck&Sm&r,f
a&S;a[mif;'@m&DrSmawmh yg0g&dSw,fajymxm;w,f
'if;ubmrSr&dSwJhuRef;ay:rSm
uRef;ay:u
aoawmhr,fhvlwa,muftzdkU bmrsm;vJqdkwmawG;Munfhrdw,f
yifv,fxJrSmav
uRef;xufpm&ifausmufaqmifydkrsm;w,f
b,folrS'Dae&mudkajcrcsbl;
usdefpmwdkufxm;w,fvdkUajymcHxdxm;vdkU
ajcusifoGm;&r,f
'gayr,fh'gb,f uwufw,f
igawG;w,f arQmfvifhwmvnf;jzpfaumif;jzpfr,f olUESvHk;om;awmhoGm;jyDvdkU
'DrSm&SmzdkUigwdkUudkqGJvmwmvm;
olawmfpif&JUwJ
tJ'Dae&mudkrkef;w,f
aumif;uifrSmiSufawGtrsm;MuD;yJ aeudkawmifuG,faejyD
olwdkUwckckodwJhyHkyJ igwkdUrodwm
oluusKyfudka&oGm;cyfckdif;w,f
tavmif;wavmif;awGUcJhw,f
olUtouf&SkESKef;uawmhaysmufoGm;jyD
olU0dnmOfxGufajy;oGm;jyD
jyD;awmhusKyfajy;vmcJhw,f
tJ'Duwnf;upjyD;pum;rajymawmhbl;
-usKyfolUvufpGyfudk,lvmcJhw,f
jyD;awmhusKyfjyefvnf;a&mufa&molUydkifqdkifrSKawG ,lcJhw,f
usKyfydkifqdkifxm;orQ[molU[mcsnf;yJ
olbmvkyfrvJ
rpöwmuefU 'DtrsdK;orD;ucifAsm; r&D; r[kwfbl;
olr qHk;jyD
'gtcGHMuD; wjcm;waumifaumif0ifaewm
igwdkU'gudkzsufqD;vdkuf&if raumif;qdk;0g;udkygzsufqD;jyD;om;jzpfr,f
-oGm;vdrfhr,f -[ifhtif; oGm;vdkufr,f
rif;enf;enf;ri,fbl;vm;
tJvDem olrtxJrSmvm;
bmjzpfvdkUvJ
uRefawmfolr yHkjyifzwfjyD;oGm;jyD
olrudkaus;Zl;jyKjyD;ajymay;Ekdifrvm;
'gayr,fh olr r&dSbl;
oGm;awmh
t,fvm
Munfh uvJ&mbmvkyf&w,fqkdwmuRefawmf em;vnfw,f bmvkdUvJqkdawmh ydkufqH&SmzdkUvdkw,fav
rif;uvJ&mvkyfwmudkdrMudKuf&if olrudkajymyg
rif;vnf;rMudKufbl;rvm;
olrbmvdkUMudKufwmvJ olrbmvdkU'Davmufawmif
olr bmjzpfoGm;vJ t,fvm
-olrudk aoG;pkyfzkwfaumifudkufvdkufvkdU -[kwfvm;
wHcg;0rSmrif;udkaumifav;wa,mufvmawGUw,f olUudkjyefydkUvdkufjyD
olu rif;&JUyHkjyifudkzwfjyD;jyDajymw,f
bmyHkjyifvJ t,fvm
uRefrwdkUtjrJwrf;ajymaeus tdrfjyefvmawmh uRefrtruuRefrudkb,fvdku,fvdkufw,f qdkwJhtaMumif;
'gtdrfpmav
rif;wcgwavighudkajcmufvSefUw,f
rvkyfygeJU
rvkyfygbl;
t&rf;udkaumif;wJhyHkjyif
aus;Zl;wifygw,f
'gayr,fhpmwrf;utrSefw&m;udkyJa&;&rSmav
ig'gudkpmwrf;twGufa&;xm;wmr[kwfbl;
eifhtwGufa&;xm;wm
igxyfrvdrfcsifawmhbl;
-wckckawmhajymif;vJ&r,f -'gayr,fh'gu
'gaMumifwmyJ
ajymvdkufr,fqdk&if
eH&HawGjydKusvmvdrfhr,f
[kwfjyD
rif;uyHkjyifrSmraumif;wmawGcsnf;jzpfr,fvdkU ajymxm;w,fxifvdkU
'gayr,fhrif;bmvdkUtrSefudkrajymwmvJ
igutJvDem0yf
igeifhukdighvQdKU0Sufcsufajymjyaewm
igb,fvdkaexkdif&w,fqdkwmeifhudkajymjyaewm
[,fvdk
rSwfwrf;rSwfxm;vm;
'geufhcsfeJU x&if;vdkUac:w,f
jidrf;csrf;ygap
tvif;a&mifawGoifhtay:jzmusygap
rif;'gudkzwfoifhw,f
ESpfwdkif;vkyfwm
'gu&dk;&Sif;wJhudk,fa&;tusOf; jyD;awmh'gtHhMop&mvuf&mudk&vdkufw,f
tuf*gt,fvefydk;eJUr,f&D &S,fvDwdkU wlwl&dSaewJhtwdkif;yJ
jyD;awmht&rf;udkxl;qef;wJhuav;
rSefuefwJh
uRefrb0aoqHk;oGm;aom uRefr&SifoefarG;zGm;vmwJh1804ESpf
-rif;aemufaewmvm; -'g0w¦KxJujzpfrSm
tJ'guarSmifrdkufjyD;Zmwftddrfxefw,f
t&rf;udkrdkufwJhta&;tom;
'gayr,fholruajymw,f 'guRefryJwJh
olrwckckjzpfaew,fvdkUxifw,f
olruenf;enf;taea0;wJhuav;wa,muf
aumif;jyD olr xdawGUcsifvdkUxifw,f
olr tm;xkwfxm;wmudkMunfh olrvufa&;
pmaMumif;tul;tquf ajymcsifwmu
b,folu'DacwfMuD;rSm'grsdK;a&;awmhvdkUvJ
tarSmifusa&mufvmawmh
uyÜwdef&kUAefuawmh tqkd;qHk;twGufjyifqifxm;av&JU
'gudkvHkjcHKatmifodrf;xm;w,f
cGifhvTwfygrdwfaqG
cGifhvTwfw,fqkdwmc&pf,mefawG&JU wefzdk;ygyJ &kUAef
ewfbk&m;awGtoufMuD;vSjyD
rif;aoqHk;oGm;jyD
b,folursm;xm0&b0udk&SmawGUrSmvJ
rif;udka&oGm;cyfckdif;xm;wmav
jyD;awmhtrnfrodolawmfpifeJUawGUygava&m
'DvdkjzpfwmygyJ
b,fwkef;uvJ
rif;qkawmif;ay;wkef;u
uGJjym;wJhrsufvHk;awGudkjrifvmw,f
MunfhvdkufwJht&mwkdif;utHhMop&mcsnf;yJ
'gayr,fhwef&mwefaMu;awmh&dSwmaygh
0dnmOfaysmufqHk;oGm;w,f
wnf&dSrSK&JUwef&mwefaMu;uawmh 'DpGefUvTwfrSKyJ
'if;pD;qif;wmu
'if;pD;qif;wmu aoG;awG
rif;aoG;
aomufvdkufyg
usKyf[m raumif;wJhwnf&dSrSK
'gayr,fhrif;rSmolrsm;awGydkifqdkifwJht&nftcsif;awG &dSw,f
rif;u
tjrJwrf;touf&Sifusef&pfolyJ
rif;tckjzpfaeovdk igh0dnmOfudkay;r,f
'Dtwdkif;jzpfrSm
xm0&b0u
aozdkUjyifqifxm;wJholawGqDyJ vmrSm
-[,fvdk -rif;vdkcsifvm;
aus;Zl;wifygw,f
tckaysmfawmh
[,fvdk
-rpöwmrifwef -[,fvdk Ekd&,f b,fvdkvJ
0&rf;vm;
r[kwfbl; owif;pHkprf;p&m&dSvdkUyg
uRefawmfwdkUausmif;om;xJuwa,muf tJvDem0yf
-olru'gudkolr vdyfpmtaeeJUay;vkdU -tJvDemvm; olr tdkau&JUvm;
olrESKwfqufyGJtwGufygwDawGjyifqifzkdU tpnf;ta0;vkyfaew,f
aocsmwmaygh
olr rdbawGaum'DrSmvm;
uvJ&meJUpum;ajymoifhw,f olru uvJ&mtryg
uvJ&muolr&JU w&m;0iftkyfxdef;olyg
-uvJ&m'DrSmvm; -r[kwfbl; olr tvkyf&Skyfaew,f
cifAsm;xifovdkr[kwfbl;
'guvJ&m&JU tvkyftudkifr[kwfvm;
olruvrf;ray:urdef;uav;awGudku,fw,f
udpöu Ekd&,f tJvDemyHkjyifu
olryHkjyifxJrSm olruajymw,folr aoG;pkwfaumifawGeJU wlwlaewmwJh
'gaMumifhcifAsm;'Dpmav;ay;ay;vkdU&rvm;
uvJ&mudkvnf;ajymay;yg uRefawmfolrqDu 'DaeUrStajzrMum;&&if
uRefawmfvlrSKa&;toif;tzGJUawGeJU
&JawGeJUqufoG,f&r,fqdkwmygajymay;yg
'gqdk'gb,fuajryHkudkrif;tarqDudk ay;chJwmaygh
r[kwfbl; uyÜwdef&kUAefqD
taruawGUoGm;jyD;awmh ,lcJhwm
acG;r acG;r
olrajryHkckd;jyD;awmh nwGif;csif;oGm;w,f
olr&JUrodEkdifwJhtem*wfqD
olromomolr
vkyfwmvm;
tJ'Dt&muolrudk,loGm;w,f
rif;udkyHkjyifay;wmr[kwfbl;
'gudkopömazmufcHxdw,f
rif;MudKufwJhtcsdefxm;oGm;Ekdifw,f
'gqdkuvJ&mb,fawmhjyefvmrvJ
uRefrtouf16ESpf
tJ'DtcsdefbmvkyfvJ
-olrtJ'DtaMumif;rajymawmhbl; -wu,fvm;
olruolrrrSwfrdawmhbl;wJh 'gayr,fhuRefrxifwmuawmhvdrfaew,fxifw,f
vdrfw,fqdkwmolrb0&JUaexdkifenf;yJ
'gayr,fhuRefruawmhtrSefw&m;ajymzdkU rdbrJha*[mrSmoif,lcJh&w,f
rif;vdkrsdK;&dSao;vm;
wa,mufrSrawGUzl;bl;
jyD;awmhuvJ&muvnf;rajymbl;
uRefrwdkUESpfa,mufxJom&dSawmhw,f xifw,f
rif;b,favmufMumMumwcgpm;vJ
tJ'DtaMumif;rajymcsifbl; aus;Zl;wifygw,f
'guraorsdK;jzpf&wm&JU&GHp&mtydkif; [kwfw,frvm;
uRefrajymwmr,Hk&if bmvdkUac:ao;vJ
tJvDem rif;bmjzpfvdkU&mpkESpfESpfckawmif touf&SifEkdifwmvJ
odyÜH
rif;awGUr,f
'gvSnfhpm;uGuf
bmvdkUvJqdkawmhtcsdefausmfoGm;rS
uRefr oufaojyEkdifr,f
'DuaeESpf30'grSr[kwf40aygh
&Sif0DS;csJay:a&mufaewJhtcsdef
uRefr&SifhO,smOfwHcg;0a&SUa&mufvmjyD; &SifhudkESKwfqufr,f [,fvdk rdk&mh
bmrSajymif;vJrSmr[kwfbl;
uRefrutjrJwrf;16ESpfyJ
jyD;awmh&Sif'gukdoabmaygufvmvdrfhr,f
tJ'gu&SifhESvHk;om;udkcHpm;apvdrfhr,f
jyD;awmhuRefruajymr,f jidrf;csrf;ygapqdkjyD;awmh
&SifhemusifwmawGaysmufoGm;atmifuRefru ulnDay;r,f
tckbmvdkUrvkyfwmvJ uRefr'Davmufroefrmbl;av &SifuRefrudk toHk;csvdkU&wmyJ
b,fvdkvkyfwmvJ
aeUcif;bufawmifraobl;vm;
eifbmvkdUighyHkjyifudkwjcm;olawGudk ay;wmvJ
-igeifhtwGufa&;wm -rif;b,fvdkowfvJ
igb,fawmhrS
olwdkUvdkcsifw,f
-aojcif;w&m;vm; -'guvkyfaqmifcsuf
-b,foluaocsifrSmvJ -wcgwav'if;uvlawGudkajzavsmhay;apw,f
-'gqdkeifuaorsdK;aygh -r[kwfbl;
ig*&kjyKp&mrvdkbl;
igu206ESpf&dSjyD igt&m&mrSwfrdw,f
ightaruighudkarG;aeUygwDvkyfay;rvdkU
ygwDawmhvnf;r[kwfygbl; bmvdkUvJqdkawmhigueifhwa,mufwnf;udk zdwfwm
eifvmrSmvm;
[kwfjyD
aumif;w,f
-[dkif; -aysmf&Tifp&marG;aeUyg
rif;twGuf
rif;udktxJudkzdwf&rSmvm;
rif;0ifcJh
-[,fvdk tJvDem -[,fvdk
rif;MudKufwm,lpm;
ydkjyD;awmha,bl,sususawGUqHkrSK pDpOfzdkUarQmfvifhxm;wm
ausmif;wm0efcHeJUtJvDemeJUaygh
aumif;jyD bmjzpfvdkUvJ olausmif;ajy;vdkUvm;
aumif;jyD tJvDem olrb0yHkjyifukda&;w,f
olrwu,fvm;
rif;udkawmhra00g;apcsifygbl;
'gayr,fholrurif;udk raumif;qkd;0g;vdkyHkazmfxm;wm
uRefawmf,HkMunfwmuawmhaoG;pkwfzkwfaumifaygh
aumif;jyD olrut&rf;pdwful;,Ofqefwwfwm
olr trSwfrsm;rsm;&r,farQmfvifhw,f
-b,folzwfjyD;om;vJ -rif;olrudkwa,mufwnf;tkyfxdef;wmaemf
z&efU olawmhzwfjyD;jyDqdkwmavmif;&Jw,f
t&rf;i,fwJhwa,muftwGuf wm0ef,l&wm
tqifajyygw,f aus;Zl;wifygw,f
'geJUraumif;wJh&kUAefudkypfjyD;
ajryHkudk,ljyD;bmjzpfoGm;vJ
aumif;jyD tqHk;owfoGm;w,f olr rajymbl;
bmvdkUvJqkdawmholrudkuRefrb,fawmhrS rajymjyzl;vdkU
ydkjyD;awmhenf;pepfrSefrSefajymMurvm;
uRefrodvmw,f&kUAefraobl;qdkwm olUudkdtJ'Duwnf;uowfcJhoifhwm
'gayr,fhoem;cJhw,f
tcktJ'DtawG;udkcPxm; bmvdkUvJqkdawmholbmvkyfcJhvJqkdwm&Sifhudk ajymjyrvdkU
'gayr,fhyxrqHk; bmeJUwlvJqkdwm ajymjy&rvm;
-tdkau -tHhMop&myJ
tvdrftnmawGudkazmfEkdifwJhrsufvHk;awG&dSvmw,f xm0&touf&SkoGm;EkdifwJhtqkwfawG
tJ'DtcsdeftwGufjyifqifxm;ovdkcHpm;&w,f
'gvG,fygw,f
&kUAefb,frSmvJ
olu&SifhvufaqmiftwGufrxdkufwefbl;
rif;ckd;cJhwmvm;
igwdkUtckolckd;jzpfoGm;jyDvm; igwdkUtcsdefckd;vdkufwmvm;
igwdkU0,fvkdufwm aoG;eJU
igwdkUnDtudkawGjzpfoGm;jyD
igwkdUMum;xJrSmtrsdK;orD;r&dSbl;
olr &mckdifESKef;ub,favmufvJ
enf;w,f
-olrt&ifubmvkyfcJhvJ -olr trsm;MuD;awGUzl;
uRefr raumif;wJhtrsdK;orD;
'gayr,fh'gawGutwdwfrSm
wcsdKUt&mawGuxm0&
rif;aoG;aumif;aoG;oefUvludk&SmzdkU
olUnDtudkawGaus;Zl;udkodwwfzdkU jyD;awmhigwdkUvkyfovdkvkyfzdkU
rif;vkyfwmvm;
igwdkUw&m;rQwrSKudkvdkufemzdkU
rif;'Dvufaqmifudkb,fvdkoHk;rSmvJ
tm;enf;wJholawGudktEkdifusifhwJholawGudk tjypfay;r,f
a,mufsm;awG&JUyg0gudkwm;jrpfzdkU
igwdkUolrudktouf&SifzdkUcGifhrjyKoifhbl;
igwkdUrSma&G;cs,fp&mr&dSbl;
olrigwdkUpnf;rsOf;udkrcsdK;azmuf&ifaygh
rif;igwdkUtrdefUrSmrygbl;
[kwfw,f rif;utajccHyJ
uRefrtwGufrajymay;vdkU&rvm;
olwdkUcGifhjyKcJhw,f
raorsdK;uwa,mufwnf;r[kwfbl;qdkwm odcJhw,f
'geJUjyefvmw,f
orD;av;MuD;vmwmudkjyefMunfhw,f
olruuRefr&Sifoef&wJhwckwnf;aom taMumif;&if;
jyeftdyfawmh
vkyfyg
tJvDemaMumifholwdkUpnf;rsOf;udk ausmfvGefcJh&w,f
trsdK;orD;wa,mufudkzefwD;zdkU cGifhrjyKxm;bl;
uRefrorD;udkuRefrac:oGm;jyD;awmh olUudku,fwifcJhw,f
tJ'DtwGufolwdkUuRefrwdkUaemufudkvdkufw,f
awGUvm;uRefr rvkyfoifhwmvkyfcJhw,f
oem;oifhw,f
-&kUAefudk&SifcGifhay;cJhw,f -tJvDem
tJvDem
tarhudkowd&aMumif;ajymvdkufyg
jznf;nSif;pGmaoqHk;jcif;udkMudKqkdygw,f
tJvDem
MudKqdkygw,f
rvkyfeJU
ao ao
roem;awmhbl;
todOmPfqdkwmvdkw,f
igarG;wkef;uj*dK[fckepfvHk;yJ&dSw,f
eufusL;udkb,folurS&SmrawGUao;bl; 'gaMumifhb,folrSr,Hkbl;
aumif;uifeJUurÇmrSmigwdkUrodao;wmawG trsm;MuD;
igvnf;wESpfoifzl;w,f
tdyf&mxJrSmvSJ&wJhtcsdefrsm;awmh
'gaMumifh'gudkvkyfcJhwm
rif;yJ
aeem;rSm
tJ'DrSmvif;jyD;awmhaEG;axG;w,f
'guig
tvif;a&mifjznf;jznf;av;xkd;azmufw,f
jyD;awmhat;w,f
tcsdefuwjznf;jznf;av;a&GUoGm;w,f
rif;urat;ygbl;
tcsdefjyifyuat;w,f
rif;ighudkerf;&if
igxm0&touf&SifrSmvm;
pdwfraumif;ygbl;
aeOD;
awmfawmh
rif;bmvdkUighqDutjrJwrf;xGufajy;aewmvJ
-eifigeJuae&if aooGm;vdrhfr,f -b,fvdkyJjzpfjzpfigaorSmyJ
rif;udkay;wJhb0r[kwfygbl; em;vnfvm;
rif;,l&r,f
rif;vdkaygh
raumif;qdk;0g;qefaewkef;yJ
rif;bmrqdkaemufrSmxm;cJhvdrfhr,f
t,fvm
tJvDem
'gA,f
'Dudk,lvmcJh
'gtckr[kwfvm;
t,fvm
-'grif;aemufqHk;n -'gA,f
raeUnu
tJvDem
'D"m;oGm;u bdkifZefwD,rfu
igwdkUtxdrf;trSwf
rif;udkxm0&ydkUay;vdrfhr,f
igwdkUyxrqHk;awGUzl;wJhurf;ajcvdkrsdK;
'gayr,fh&kUAefeJUvdkufoGm;rdw,f
'gayr,fh &Sif &SifuykvJ
awGUvm; raumif;wJhrdef;rawGaemufqHk;csdefxd rm,moHk;wkef;
rif;udk*kPfjyKr,f
uRefrudkMudKufovdkvkyf olrudkvTwfay;vdkuf
-olrudkudkifxm; -aus;Zl;jyKjyD; 'gA,f awmif;yefygw,f
-aocsmudkif -olrb,fvdkyJjzpfjzpfaorSm
olr wa,mufwnf;r&SifoefEkdifbl;
tJvDem
uav;
rif;awmfawmfthHMozdkUaumif;w,f
rif;aemufvdkufvmwmMumjyD
bmvdkUvJqkdawmh rif;aemufudkigomrvkduf&if wjcm;olqdkrif;udkowfrdaeavmufjyD
wjcm;olawGudkaumb,fvdkvkyfrSmvJ
nDtudkpdwf"mwfuckdifrmw,f
rajymif;vJbl; olwdkUvmvdrfhr,f
olwdkU&JUw&m;rQwrSKeJU
-oluRefrwdkUeJUvdkufvmrSmvm;
rvmygbl;
bmvJ
rif;udkvTwfay;vdkufr,f
rif;wb0vHk;rif;tareJUwlwlraeEkdifygbl; [kwfvm;
vkyfyg
'Dudkvm
qufvkyf
a&SUudkyJMunfh aemufudkjyefrMunfheJU
tjrJwrf;ygyJ
rif;upGrf;tm;MuD;olawGudkokwfoifjyD; tm;enf;wJholawGudkulnDzdkUuwday;cJhwmyJ
tJ'Dtwkdif;yJaecsifygw,f
rif;b0udkrif;a&G;cs,fovdkae igeJUrqdkifygbl;
vdkcsifwm&dS&ifbmjzpfrvJ
cGifhvTwfrSK
tcsdefrDSyJ jzpfEkdifygw,f
rif;&JUtazmf
igwdkUrSmtcsdefawG&dSygao;w,f
aMumufw,f
raMumufygeJU
uRefrutJvDem0yf
uRefr&JUyHkjyifudkavxJypfvdkufw,f
b,fawmhrSxyfrajymawmhbl;
aemufwckpwifjyD